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, associate professor of public health in Falk College, was quoted in the USA Today story “”

Bergen-Cico, a coordinator of the Addiction Studies program at Syracuse, said, ‘the use of alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines and opioids, which Shepard said he abused during his last relapse, can all lower testosterone. Opioid agonist therapies, including methadone and suboxone, can also suppress testosterone. In these cases, experts say testosterone replacement therapy may be recommended, but only under the care of a medical professional.’